Men’s mental health
Poor mental health can affect people of all genders, but outcomes for those who identify as men – including trans men – and those who are perceived or expected to behave in traditionally ‘masculine’ ways are often shaped by distinct social pressures and stigma. Here we focus on the mental health challenges commonly experienced by men, whilst recognising the diversity of men’s experiences.
These expectations stem from restrictive norms around masculinity, such as needing to appear strong, emotionless, or in control, which have contributed to poorer mental health outcomes for men.
Men are more likely to experience substance abuse and exhibit violence, and more likely to die by suicide. Skewed expectations around how men should display emotion can lead to a fear of being judged, or for crying or appearing “weak.”
Media and television shows often portray crying men as something to be mocked, but mocking this healthy, human emotional release only serves to discourage men from crying and talking to others about their difficulties.
12.5%
Of men in England have a mental health disorder.
NHS Digital
3 times
more men are likely to die by suicide in England than women.
Samaritans (2023)
Myths and facts about men’s mental health
substance use disorders and antisocial behaviours. Gender differences are complex and there are numerous factors to consider alongside the statistics such as the likelihood that men are more reluctant to report their experiences.
Fact: It’s a misconception that talking about suicide, or asking somebody if they are feeling suicidal, will “put the idea” into their heads. Research shows that talking or asking about suicidal thoughts is actually more likely to save a person’s life.
Fact: Reaching out for help might feel like the hardest thing you have to do. It takes courage to admit you’re struggling when you’re accustomed to hiding your struggles, and everybody, regardless of gender, needs support sometimes. Reaching out also means you’re taking charge of your mental wellbeing, a step that is equally as important as taking care of your physical health.
Why men might hide their mental health struggles
Societal expectations
Unhelpful gender norms make assumptions about what it means to be “masculine”, whilst terms such as ‘toxic masculinity’ can reinforce the stereotypes it aims to critique.
Stereotypes such as men being stoic, not showing emotions, or being outwardly “tough” versus being “soft”, are often perpetuated by the media, which portrays men showing vulnerability as “weak” and something to be mocked.
Response from others
Regardless of which gender they open up to about how they are feeling, men are often told to “man up” and to bury their struggles. They may even be bullied by their peers. This discourages them from reaching out for help again in the future.
Race
Due to systemic racism and social expectations of masculinity, Black men are more likely to hide their mental health struggles, are more likely to be sectioned under the Mental Health Act, and face disproportionate barriers to seeking help.
Other marginalised groups, including South Asian men, LGBTQIA+ men, and men with disabilities, may also face additional stigma, cultural barriers, or lack of culturally competent services, making it even harder to speak up.
Seeking help for someone else
If you’re concerned about someone you know, encourage them to talk about it. It might help to let them know you’re there to listen without judgement. Ask them how they are feeling. If you’re concerned they might be suicidal, you can ask them directly:
- “Are you thinking about suicide?”
- “Are you having thoughts of ending your life?”
Contrary to popular belief, asking someone about suicidal thoughts won’t give them the idea, and can actually save their life. Read more about how to talk to someone about suicide or learn the warning signs of suicidal thoughts here.
For more general advice, Campaign against Living Miserably (CALM) offers advice on helping friends with their mental health here.
Conversation Guide: talking about suicide
Conversation Guide: talking about mental health
